George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man (1894) stands as one of the most incisive dramatic critiques of Romanticism in English literature. Written at a time when Victorian sentimentality and idealized notions of love, heroism, and war dominated the cultural imagination, Shaw deploys sharp wit, irony, and intellectual rigour to expose the hollowness of Romantic illusions. This paper examines Shaw's systematic dismantling of Romantic conventions - particularly his satirical portrayal of the soldier-hero, idealized love, and the glorification of war - through the lens of realism. By placing the pragmatic Swiss soldier Bluntschli against the posturing Byronic hero Sergius, Shaw foregrounds the absurdity of Romantic idealism. The paper further explores how Raina's transformation from a Romantic dreamer to a woman of practical sensibility encapsulates Shaw's broader argument: that authentic human experience demands the honest confrontation of reality over the seductive comfort of illusion. Drawing on Shavian dramatic theory, the text of the play, and scholarly commentary, this paper argues that Arms and the Man is not merely a comedy but a sustained intellectual manifesto against the Romantic worldview, advocating instead for a clear-eyed, rational engagement with the human condition.