abstract

Comparative genomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding evolutionary history, adaptive potential, and genetic vulnerability in endangered mammalian species. This study analyzes whole-genome data from selected threatened mammals to assess genetic diversity, population structure, inbreeding levels, and signatures of selection. By identifying conserved and rapidly evolving genes, we highlight adaptive traits linked to environmental resilience and disease resistance. Reduced heterozygosis and genomic bottlenecks were observed in critically endangered taxa, underscoring extinction risks. The findings provide genomic insights to guide conservation planning, genetic rescue strategies, and long-term biodiversity management under accelerating environmental change.